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A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION

PART IV (1899-1910)

Thomas E. Jeffrey Theresa M. Collins Lisa Gitelman Gregory Field Gregory Jankunis Aldo E. Salerno David W. Hutchings Karen A. Detig Leslie Fields Lorie Stock Editors Robert Rosenberg

Director and Editor

Sponsors Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site New Jersey Historical Commission Smithsonian Institution

University Publications of America Bethesda, MD 1999

Edison signature used with permission of McGraw-Edison Company

Thomas A. Edison Papers at Rutgers, The State University endorsed by National Historical Publications and Records Commission 18 June 1981

All rights reserved. No part of this publication including any portion of the guide and index or of the microfilm may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means—graphic, electronic, mechanical, or chemical, including photocopying, recording or taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

The original documents in this edition are from the archives at the Edison National Historic Site at West Orange, New Jersey. . ‘

ISBN 0-89093-703-6

THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS

Robert A. Rosenberg Director and Editor

Thomas E. Jeffrey Associate Director and Coeditor

Paul B. Israel Managing Editor, Book Edition

Helen Endick Assistant Director for Administration

Associate Editors Assistant Editors Theresa M. Collins Louis Carlat Lisa Gitelman Aldo E. Salerno Keith A. Nier Research Associates Secretary Gregory Jankunis Grace Kurkowski Lorie Stock

Student Assistants Amy Cohen Jessica Rosenberg Bethany Jankunis Stacey Saelg Laura Konrad Wojtek Szymkowiak Vishal Nayak Matthew Wosniak

BOARD OF SPONSORS

Rutgers, The State University of New National Park Service

Jersey John Maounis Francis L. Lawrence Maryanne Gerbauckas Joseph J. Seneca Roger Durham Richard F. Foley George Tselos David M. Oshinsky Smithsonian Institution New Jersey Historical Commission Bernard Finn Howard L. Green Arthur P. Molella

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

James Brittain, Georgia Institute of Technology R. Frank Colson, University of Southampton Louis Galambos, Johns Hopkins University Susan Hockey, University of Alberta Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania Peter Robinson, Oxford University Philip Scranton, Georgia Institute of Technology/Hagley Museum and Library Merritt Roe Smith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS

PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS

The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Charles Edison Fund

The Hyde and Watson Foundation National Trust for the Humanities Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation

PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS

National Science Foundation

National Endowment for the Humanities

National Historical Publications and Records Commission

PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS

Alabama Power Company

Anonymous

AT&T

Atlantic Electric

Association of Edison Muminating Companies

Battelle Memorial Institute

The Boston Edison Foundation

Cabot Corporation Foundation, Ine.

Carolina Power & Light Company

Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc.

Consumers Power Company

Cooper Industries

Corning Incorporated

Duke Power Company

Entergy Corporation (Middle South Electric System)

Exxon Corporation

Florida Power & Light Company

General Electric Foundation

Gould Inc. Foundation

Gulf States Utilities Company

David and Nina Heitz

Hess Foundation, Ine.

Idaho Power Company

IMO Industries

International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers

Mr. and Mrs, Stanley H. Katz

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Midwest Resources, Inc,

Minnesota Power

New Jersey Bell

New York State Electric & Gas Corporation

North American Philips Corporation

Philadelphia Electric Company

Philips Lighting B.V.

Public Service Electric and Gas Company

RCA Corporation

Robert Bosch GmbH

Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation

San Diego Gas and Electric

Savannah Electric and Power Company

Schering-Plough Foundation

Texas Utilities Company

Thomas & Betts Corporation

Thomson Grand Public

Transamerica Delaval Inc.

Westinghouse Foundation

Wisconsin Public Service Corporation

A Note on the Sources The pages which have been

filmed are the best copies

available. Every technical effort possible has been

‘made to ensure legibility.

PUBLICATION AND MICROFILM COPYING RESTRICTIONS

Reel duplication of the whole or of any part of this film is Prohibited, In lieu of transcripts, however, enlarged photocopies of selected items contained on these reels

may be made in order to facilitate research.

NOTEBOOK SERIES

Several interrelated sets of technical notes and drawings comprise the Notebook Series. They are as follows:

(1) Notebooks by Edison (113 books) (2) Notebooks by Edison and Other Experimenters (170 books in 10 groups) (3) Notebooks by Experimenters Other Than Edison (586 books in 8 groups) (4) Pocket Notebooks (29 books) (5) Miscellaneous Notebooks (10 books) (6) Unbound Notes and Drawings Dated Undated Oversize

Notebooks by Edison. These standard-size (6" x 9") books contain notes, drawings, and calculations regarding phonographs, phonograph records, Storage batteries, cement, ore supplies and processing, motion pictures, and other subjects. In addition to experimental research notes, there are occasional partial drafts of patent applications, lists of projects to complete, and items relating to Edison's plans for the laboratory or manufacturing sites, as well as speculative observations concerning electricity, acoustics, electromagnetic radiation, and thermodynamics. Although most of the entries in these books are by Edison, there are a few by associates such as Francis R. Upton and

laboratory employees such as Otto Groethe, Ludwig F. Ott, and Alexander N. Pierman.

Notebooks by Edison and Other Experimenters. These standard-size (6" x 9") books, which are arranged into ten groups, were used by Edison and other experimenters. The entries in the initial notebooks in many of the groups are mainly by Edison, whereas the later books, generated after the pattern of tests had been established, record the work of other experimenters. Most of the notebooks belong to groups of numbered storage battery books. In addition, there is one group of notebooks pertaining to the composition of phonograph record blanks and another group containing the results of ore assays. Among the Edison employees whose work is represented in these books are Ralph

Arbogast, Charles Dally, Ignacy Goldstein, Otto Groethe, O. A. Rogers, and Ademor N. Petit.

Notebooks by Experimenters Other Than Edison. These standard- size (6" x 9") books, which are arranged into eight groups, were used primarily at the West Orange laboratory, although some contain work performed at other locations, including the Edison Storage Battery Co. The books consist of notes, drawings, tables, and calculations regarding a variety of subjects, including storage batteries, cement, and phonographs. In addition, there are records of tasks done at the chemical laboratory within the West Orange complex. Among the Edison employees whose work is represented in these books are Ralph Arbogast, Alvin D. Caskey, Cloyd M. Chapman, Ignacy Goldstein, Walter E. Holland, John F. Ott, Ludwig F. Ott, John C. Shengle, and Francis R. Upton. The books contain occasional notations and drawings by Edison that indicate his attention to the work performed.

Pocket Notebooks. These notebooks, which generally measure 3" or 4" in one direction and 6" or 7" in the other, contain notes, drawings, and calculations by Edison relating to a variety of topics, including storage batteries, phonographs and phonograph records, cement, x-ray tubes, and other experimental apparatus. Most of the entries describe experiments or other matters to be undertaken at the West Orange laboratory. There are also some speculative notes concerning electricity, acoustics, electromagnetic radiation, and thermodynamics.

Miscellaneous Notebooks. These ten notebooks, which are larger than the standard-size laboratory notebooks, served primarily as clean copy records, into which experimental plans and results were transcribed or in which data was tabulated. Three notebooks were used by Edison during the period 1902- 1904 and annotated by him in later years. They contain compilations and transcriptions of notes and drawings on numerous topics, including batteries, electromotographs, phonographs, telephones, and other apparatus. There are also references to experiments involving chemistry, electricity, magnetism, radiation, and thermodynamics. Six notebooks, which were used by experimenters other than Edison, cover the period 1904-1911 and consist of graphs representing the performance of batteries. Another notebook, used by Edison in 1907, contains tests on the solubility of lithium compounds.

Unbound Notes and Drawings. These loose items relate to a variety of subjects, including the development, manufacture, and use of storage batteries, phonographs, and phonograph records. Also included is material pertaining to experiments with various chemical processes, acoustic and electromagnetic devices, concrete construction, and the development of a synchronous-play phonograph and kinetoscope called the kinetophone. Many of the items are by Edison. There is also material by John F. Ott, George E. Small, Albert F. Wurth, and other employees.

All of the entries in Edison’s hand appearing in the bound notebooks have been selected except for the occasional perfunctory notations appearing in notebooks by other experimenters. All of Edison's unbound notes and drawings have also been included except for a few rough notes and calculations for which no context is available.

A more restrictive approach has been taken for notes and drawings by experimenters other than Edison. Notebooks and unbound material relating to experiments done at the West Orange laboratory have generally been selected, with the exception of the extensive runs of storage battery test books and other highly repetitive material. Samples consisting of entries that can be closely associated with Edison have been selected in these cases.

Notebooks and unbound material pertaining to routine technical work done at the laboratory have generally not been selected. In many cases, these items represent the work performed by the laboratory in its role as an auxiliary service facility for Edison's manufacturing companies. Examples include the assays conducted on behalf of Edison's ore exploration and cement manufacturing endeavors and the qualitative analyses of chemicals required in the development and production of storage batteries.

Archival Identification Numbers for Notebooks

Over the years, several numbering systems have been employed by archivists to identify the notebooks used in the West Orange laboratory. Because these numbers frequently appear in published citations and in archival finding aids, they are included on the editorial targets appearing in the Notebook Series.

N-numbers. During the late 1930s archivists at the West Orange laboratory began assigning six-digit numbers, prefixed by the letter "N," to Edison's laboratory notebooks. Frequently this number corresponds to the first dated entry in the book. For example, a book whose first dated entry is from January 3, 1899, carries the number, N-99-01-03, Books with the same N-number are distinguished by an extension number (for example, N-01-07-01.1 and N-01- 07-01.2). Although the N-number system was initially used only for standard-size (6" x 9") notebooks, archivists at the Edison National Historic Site (ENHS) have subsequently applied it to other notebooks as well.

N-numbers are not reliable indicators of the date on which a notebook was put into use. Some books were used for a long period before an entry was dated. Numerous other books contain no dated entries. Some of these undated books are indicated by the notation, "N- Undated,” followed by an extension number (for example, N-Undated.35). For other undated books, a conjectured year serves as the first two digits of the N-number. For example, N-99-00- 00.4 indicates one of four notebooks believed to date from the year 1899. Subsequent research has revealed that some of these conjectured years are inaccurate. Occasionally, an undated notebook bears an N-number indicating a conjectured day and month, as well as year. An example is N-01-04-16, which is a continuation of dated notebook N-01-04-15.

Not all of the standard-size notebooks and other N-numbered books appear in the Notebook Series. For example, several notebooks that were used for ore exploration, ore surveys, drilling reports, and plant operations can be found in the Edison Portland Cement Co. Records (Company Records Series). Among the items in the Laboratory Records Series are several standard-size notebooks containing project numbers and descriptive names for each laboratory project. A few standard-size notebooks do not bear N-numbers.

PN-numbers. These archival numbers are most often used to designate pocket-sized notebooks that generally measure about 3" or 4" in one direction and 6" or 7" in the other. As with the N-numbered notebooks, the six-digit number frequently corresponds to the first dated entry in the book. Undated books are designated either by the notation "PN-Undated" or by a conjectured year,

E-numbers. Until 1971 documents processed into the ENHS collections were often assigned a sequential accession number prefixed by the letter "E." These numbers appear most often on notebooks, scrapbooks, and other bound items, although they were occasionally used for batches of unbound documents.

Arrangement of Notebooks

The books in the "Notebooks by Edison" and the "Pocket Notebooks" subseries are arranged in chronological order according to the earliest date in the book, with undated books attributed by the editors to a particular year appearing after the dated books for that year. The books in the "Notebooks by Edison and Other Experimenters” subseries are arranged in ten groups, while the books in the "Notebooks by Other Experimenters" subseries are arranged in eight groups. For those groups consisting of sequentially numbered volumes or experiments, the individual books are arranged in volume or experiment order. The selected books in the other groups are arranged in chronological order according to the earliest date in the book; unselected books are listed on the targets in N-number order. The selected ore assay books in Group 10 of the "Notebooks by Edison and Other Experimenters" subseries, all of which are undated, are also presented in N-number order. The ten selected books in the "Miscellaneous Notebooks" subseries are arranged in chronological order.

Arrangement of Unbound Notes and Drawings

Unbound notes and drawings are organized into folders by year. Within each folder, the dated items appear chronologically, followed by undated Edison material plausibly attributed to that year and then by undated non-Edison material. Following these folders is a folder of undated notes and drawings that cannot be attributed to a particular year and a folder of oversize material too large to be reproduced at the standard reduction ratio of 14:1.

Indexing

The Chronological Index to Technical Notes and Drawings in the printed Guide contains a listing of dated entries in the laboratory notebooks and unbound notes and drawings. Also included are dated entries for notebooks and unbound notes and drawings in the Patent Series and Company Records Series. In the case of contiguous entries of the same date, the reel and frame designation refers only to the first entry bearing that date.

For the notebooks, the reel and frame designation refers to the page on which the date appears and not necessarily to the first page of the entry. The entries are of varying lengths, since some books contain numerous dates whereas others have only a few. There are also many notebooks with no dated entries; these books appear in the index under a conjectured year or range of years. In addition, some notebooks contain dated notations that were added by Edison, his laboratory assistants, or his patent attorneys after the initial entries were created. An example is Miscellaneous Notebook, E-4296, which covers the period March 1902-February 1903 but includes a few additional notations made by Edison in 1919. Because of the complex character of this material, researchers are advised to examine the pages preceding and following each indexed notebook page.

Notebooks containing daily (or almost daily) entries recording the results of repeated and repetitive testing are not individually indexed. Instead, an entry appears in the index for each month represented in the notebook. Examples include the storage battery endurance test books comprising group 2 of "Notebooks by Experimenters Other than Edison."

NOTEBOOKS BY EDISON

The 113 notebooks in this subseries contain notes, drawings, and calculations by Edison regarding phonographs and phonograph records, Storage batteries, cement, ore supplies and processing, motion pictures, electric meters, and other subjects. In addition to experimental research notes, there are occasional partial drafts of patent applications, entries relating to published sources, lists of tasks to perform, and items involving Edison’s plans for the laboratory or manufacturing sites, as well as speculative observations concerning electricity, acoustics, electromagnetic radiation, and thermo- dynamics. Although most of the entries in these books are by Edison, there are a few by associates such as Francis R. Upton and laboratory employees such as Otto Groethe, Ludwig F. Ott, and Alexander N. Pierman. Some books appear to have been used by Edison in his laboratory at his winter home in Fort Myers, Florida.

Notebook, N-99-01-03

This notebook covers the period January-May 1899. It has been used in both directions. At one end is a series of unnumbered pages containing notes and drawings by Edison relating to tests of an electrolytic meter. At the other end are numbered and unnumbered pages containing entries by Edison and his associate, Francis R. Upton, regarding the crushing of cement rock.

Notebook, N-99-01-05

This notebook was used by Edison during January 1899. Most of the book contains notes and drawings regarding improvements in cylinder phonograph recording and reproduction. There are also notes pertaining to iron ore milling and to cement. Near the end of the book are production estimates for a proposed cement plant and the draft of a speech given by telephone to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Notebook, N-99-01-07

This notebook covers the periods January 1899 and January 1903. All entries are by Edison. The book has been used in both directions. At one end are notes and drawings from 1899 regarding electric meters. At the other end are entries from 1903 that appear to be preliminary drawings for patent applications pertaining to the projecting kinetoscope and to storage batteries for use at central stations. There are also some notes relating to mica deposits in the United States and Canada.

Notebook, N-99-02-14

The one dated entry in this notebook is from February 1899. All entries are by Edison. At the beginning of the book are notes and drawings relating to electric meters. Most of the book contains notes and drawings pertaining to cement rock and the production of cement, including cost estimates for cement manufacture. There are also notes regarding the production of phosphoric anhydride and phosphoric acid, possibly as a by-product of Edison's ore milling and cement technologies.

Notebook, N-99-06-06

This notebook covers the period June-August 1899. It was used by Edison and an unidentified experimenter for notes and drawings relating to batteries, probably Edison-Lalande primary batteries. The first part of the book [not selected] contains routine logs of cell tests and is a continuation of N-99-02-28 [not selected]. On the inside front cover and resuming in the middle of the book are notes, primarily by Edison, regarding variations in battery electrolyte and electrodes,

Notebook, N-99-11-29

This notebook covers the period November 1899-March 1900. Most of the entries are by an unidentified experimenter, but many of them contain comments by Edison. At the beginning of the book is a series of magnetic separation experiments dealing mainly with ore from the Dunderland region in Norway. The remainder of the book contains notes relating to iron ore briquetting experiments.

Notebook, N-Undated.35

This undated notebook was used by Edison, probably during the period 1899-1901. It has been used in both directions. Beginning at one end are notes, drawings, and calculations regarding ore milling and storage battery experiments, particularly a copper-zinc cell. At the other end are notes and drawings relating to the use of Edison's ore milling technology in the production of phosphates and phosphoric acid.

Notebook, N-Undated.36

This undated notebook was used by Edison, probably during the period 1899-1901. Most of the book contains notes regarding storage battery experiments, including tests of the chemical properties of antimony and nickel. At the end of the book are notes relating to cement production.

Notebook, N-99-00-00.1

This undated notebook was used by Edison, probably during the period 1899-1902. it has been used in both directions. Beginning at one end are notes, drawings, and calculations relating to the construction and operation of Edison's cement plant in Stewartsville, New Jersey. Included are cost and production estimates and lists of tasks to be undertaken. At the other end of the book

are several pages of unidentified drawings followed by additional entries pertaining to the cement plant.

Notebook, N-99-00-00.4

This undated notebook was used by Edison, possibly during the period 1899-1904. The book contains instructions from Edison to an unidentified experimenter relating to work on the

Edison-Lalande primary battery. Included are items pertaining to the composition of the material electroplated on the battery's zinc electrode.

Notebook, N-00-01-23

This notebook covers the periods January and August 1900. At the beginning of the book are notes from January 1900 by an unidentified experimenter regarding magnetic iron ore separation and cement experiments [not selected]. The remainder of the book contains notes and cost calculations from August 1900, primarily by Edison, in tegard to storage batteries. Included

are entries recording Edison's early tests with copper and zinc electrodes. There is also one entry on copper ore separation.

Notebook, N-00-05-04

This notebook covers the periods May and November 1900. Most of the book contains notes by an unidentified experimenter regarding tests of a compressed air engine and dust separation apparatus. There is also a one-page entry by Edison pertaining to an experimental carbon-iron storage battery.

Notebook, N-00-08-21

This notebook is a continuation of N-00-01-23. It was used during August 1900. The book contains notes by Edison regarding the use of copper, zinc, or nickel in storage batteries. Near the end of the book is a one-page entry by an unidentified experimenter relating to iron ore separation.

Notebook, N-00-08-31

This notebook is a continuation of N-00-08-21. It covers the period August-October 1900, All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes regarding alkaline storage battery experiments, including entries pertaining to a copper-cadmium cell. Scattered entries near the end of the book consist of drawings that appear to detail an ore milling operation.

Notebook, N-01-02-03

This notebook was used by Edison during February 1901. It contains an enumerated list of sixty-three projects to be undertaken regarding the development and manufacture of storage batteries. Several of the entries list projects to be assigned to "Freddy" and "Rogers," probably Frederick P. Ott and O. A. Rogers. At the end of the book is a note by Edison outlining the features of the Electric Storage Battery Co.'s "Phaeton" model.

Notebook, N-01-02-07

This notebook contains dated entries from February 1901 and October 1902. At the beginning of the book are 3 pages of notes by Edison regarding renovations planned for the ore milling plant at Ogden, New Jersey. The remaining pages contain notes and drawings, probably by P. F. Cowing, relating to the use of hard rubber separators for storage battery cells.

Notebook, N-01-03-05

This notebook contains dated entries from March 1901. All entries are by Edison. Included are notes and drawings relating to storage and primary batteries and thermocouples.

Notebook, N-01-04-15

The only dated entry in this notebook is from April 1901. At the beginning of the book are notes by Edison regarding trials of various alloys for use in thermocouples. The metals tested include antimony, bismuth, cadmium, lead, tin, and zinc. Near the end of the book is a series of trials by an unidentified experimenter, possibly John Tronicke, of some of the combinations listed by Edison.

Notebook, N-01-04-16

This undated notebook is a continuation of N-01-04-15. It contains notes by Edison and an unidentified experimenter regarding trials of various alloys for use in thermocouples. The metals tested include bismuth, cadmium, lead, and tin.

Notebook, N-01-04-19

This notebook is a continuation of N-01-04-16. The only dated entries are from April 1901. It contains notes by Edison and an unidentified experimenter regarding tests of various alloys for use in thermocouples. The metals tested include antimony, bismuth, lead, nickel, tin, and zinc. At the beginning of the book is a drawing by Edison illustrating the apparatus used in the experiments.

Notebook, N-01-04-20

The one dated entry in this notebook is from April 1901. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes, drawings, and calculations pertaining to the design, construction, and layout of works for the manufacture of storage batteries. Included are a list of "articles wanted,” drawings of chemical apparatus and other equipment, sketches of plant layout, and other notes regarding the character and the scale of operations. In a few cases equipment is identified for removal from the ore milling plant at Ogden, New Jersey, to the new storage battery facility.

Notebook, N-01-04-23

This notebook covers the period April-May 1901. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding thermocouple experiments. A few entries pertain to phonographs and to drilling technology, probably for Edison's ore milling or cement operations. Also included is a draft of a lecture on alkaline storage batteries, prepared by Edison for presentation by Arthur E. Kennelly to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers ("The New Edison Storage Battery," A/EE Transactions 18 (1901): 219-30).

Notebook, N-01-04-24

This notebook covers the period April-October 1901. At the beginning of the book are notes by Edison regarding storage batteries, including entries detailing the use of cells by the Edison Electric Illuminating Co. of Brooklyn. Most of the book contains an enumerated log of 551 nickel grid experiments. The entries are primarily by unidentified experimenters, although there are some entries by Edison.

Notebook, N-01-04-17

This undated notebook was probably used in late April 1901. The book contains notes, primarily by Edison, regarding tests of various alloys for use in thermocouples (see also N-01-04- 15, N-01-04-16, and N-01-04-19). Among the metals involved are antimony, arsenic, bismuth, lead, nickel, tin, and zinc, At the beginning of the book are entries by an unidentified experimenter.

Notebook, N-01-05-10

This notebook covers the period May-June 1901. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings relating to the development of Edison's alkaline storage battery. Included are preliminary sketches for a manufacturing plant, notes regarding the production of nickel suitable for use in the battery, and a list of experimental techniques for packing the nickel into the cell grids.

Notebook, N-01-05-06

This notebook was used during June 1901. All entries are by Edison. Most of the book contains notes and drawings regarding the development of Edison's alkaline storage battery. Included are experiments using Edison-Lalande primary cells. There are also drawings pertaining to experiments with sound amplification for the phonograph using compressed air and other techniques.

Notebook, N-01-07-01.2

This notebook contains dated entries from July 1901 and February 1903. All entries are by Edison. At the beginning of the book are notes and drawings relating to storage battery experiments. The following entries pertain to thermoelectric battery experiments, the production of electricity directly from coal, and experiments regarding potential unseen forces such as "XYZ rays." Included is an idea for generating forces by substituting the iron core of a generator with other material, along with notations about methods for photographically recording these forces. Also included is an entry in which Edison proposes an experiment on the "6th sense," as well as an idea for recording phonograph cylinders by chemical action. Near the end of the book are drawings of what appears to be a cement processing or an ore milling plant and a one-page note for a traveling motion picture exhibition.

Notebook, N-01-09-19 This notebook was used by two unidentified experimenters during September 1901. It contains notes regarding an unidentified experiment with concrete. The material by Edison is found on several loose items inserted into the book.

Notebook, N-01-10-18

This notebook was used by Edison during October 1901. It contains a list of twenty-eight items noting possible causes of variations in the output of the storage battery.

Notebook, N-01-12-03

This notebook was used during December 1901. All entries are by Edison. The book contains entries, numbered from 1450 through 1486, regarding a set of nickel-iron storage battery cells. Included are notes relating to each cell's rate of electrical discharge and to the production of gas during the tests.

Notebook, N-Undated.2

This undated notebook was probably used sometime during the period 1901-1902. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding the technical details of cement production. Included are items pertaining to the temperature of the kiln in the roasting process and the degree of fineness needed in the ground cement rock.

Notebook, N-01-00-00.3

This undated notebook was probably used sometime during the period 1901-1902. Most of the entries are by Edison; some are by an unidentified experimenter. The book contains a list of chemical compounds, mostly organic, with brief descriptions of each compound's physical properties.

Notebook, N-05-01-02

This undated notebook was probably used sometime during the period 1901-1903, although it may have been used as early as 1900. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding ore surveys, assays, and ore separation experiments. Included are entries pertaining to the search for nickel and cobalt in the Sudbury district of Ontario, Canada, and in Litchfield County, Connecticut, for use in Edison's storage battery.

Notebook, N-01-04-01

This undated notebook was probably used sometime during the period 1901-1904, although the entries at the end of the book may have been added at a later date. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding storage battery experiments, including a list of possible explanations for low power output from the cells and a set of cost calculations for a competitor's automobile battery. There are also entries describing various methods for electrochemically extracting silver from nickel-cobalt ores. Near the end of the book are several drawings that could be preliminary sketches for Edison's concrete houses.

Notebook, N-02-02-09

This notebook was used during February 1902. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding several experiments that deal mainly with electricity, matter and energy, and physical theory. There are entries pertaining to x-rays, motographs, telephones, phonographs, and electric furnaces, together with notes on "instruments to detect different waves

in the 'ether."" Many entries contain the notation, “gave to John Ott."

Notebook, N-02-03-08

The only dated entry in this notebook is from March 1902. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding several experiments that deal mainly with electricity, matter, and electromagnetic radiation. Among the entries are items pertaining to x-rays, etheric force and "xyz rays," and electrochemical recording apparatus. Also included is material relating to an organic liquid battery and the production of battery jars.

Notebook, N-01-01-02.2

The only dated entry in this notebook is from March 1902. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding several experiments that deal mainly with electricity and electromagnetic radiation. Among the entries are items pertaining to x-rays, etheric force and "xyz rays," thermocouples, and electromotograph apparatus. Also included are scattered phonograph drawings. On the last page is a list of mine properties in Canada.

Notebook, N-02-03-18

This notebook was used during March 1902. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding several experiments that deal mainly with electricity and electromagnetic radiation. Among the entries are items pertaining to the use of phosphorescent materials with a "disc kinetoscope," etheric force and "xyz rays," fluorescent lighting, thermocouples, liquid organic storage batteries, and phonograph recording and reproduction using electromotograph apparatus. .

Notebook, N-02-04-18.1

This notebook contains dated entries from March-April and December 1902 and from October 1903, All entries are by Edison. Included are notes and drawings regarding phonograph recording and reproducing apparatus and the composition of phonograph cylinders. Several entries indicate that some material was transcribed from notebooks used at Edison's laboratory at Fort Myers, Florida. Also included are notes and drawings relating to storage batteries and to an alternating current rectifier.

Notebook, N-02-05-01

This notebook was used primarily during May 1902. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings that deal mainly with electricity and electromagnetic radiation. Among the entries are items that probably pertain to etheric force and "xyz rays," thermocouples, and the electromotograph. There is also a one-page entry from November 1902 regarding a coal ora gas- fired furnace intended as a combination "stove and light for poor people in Cities." At the end of the book are several rough phonograph drawings.

Notebook, N-02-05-04

This notebook contains dated entries from May, October, and December 1902, and November 1903. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding chemicals that produce “electricfity] by friction"; these notes may be related to motograph experiments. Also included are entries pertaining to storage batteries and phonograph recording apparatus, along with several rough phonograph drawings. A marginal notation indicates that some of this material was recopied into an unidentified "big book."

Notebook, N-02-08-00

The only dated entry in this notebook is from August 1902. At the beginning of the book is an incomplete inventory by Ludwig F. Ott of chemicals in the stock room at the West Orange laboratory [not selected]. Scattered among the blank pages in the remainder of the book are drawings by Edison regarding an unidentified electrical or electromagnetic technology.

Notebook, N-02-02-16

This undated notebook was used by Edison, possibly in 1902. It contains lists of chemical compounds intended for an unspecified project, possibly thermocouple or etheric force experiments,

Notebook, N-99-00-00.2

This undated non-standard-size notebook was used by Edison, possibly in 1902 or 1903. It contains notes and drawings regarding electrical theory and the reaction of metals in electrical fields. The entries may relate to Edison's experiments with x-rays, etheric force, and "xyz rays.”

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Notebook, N-03-01-22

This notebook covers the period January-February 1903. All entries are by Edison. The book, which has been used in both directions, contains notes and drawings regarding electricity, physical theory, and the nature of matter and energy. At one end are entries pertaining to various experimental projects, including "xyz rays" and etheric force, x-rays, storage batteries, and fluorescence. At the other end is a list of chemical compounds to test in "xyz ray" experiments.

Notebook, N-03-02-26

This notebook contains dated entries from February, March, May, and July 1903. There is also a 2-page entry from February 1905. All entries are by Edison. Included are notes and drawings pertaining to various experimental projects, such as the hardness and composition of phonograph cylinders, phonographic recording apparatus, etheric force and "xyz rays," and storage batteries.

Notebook, N-03-02-27.1

This notebook covers the period February-March 1903. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings pertaining to various experimental projects, such as the hardness and composition of phonograph cylinders, x-rays, etheric force and "xyz rays," and storage batteries. There are several pages of notes relating to the use of motograph cylinders for the amplification of recorded sound, with a specific reference to the work of Daniel Higham. Also included are notes regarding Edison's theory of matter, electricity, and the ether, as well as scattered drawings of recording and reproduction apparatus and phonograph horns.

Notebook, N-03-02-27.2

This notebook covers the period February-May 1903. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding various experimental projects, such as the hardness and composition of phonograph cylinders, x-rays, etheric force and "xyz rays," and storage batteries. Also included are several pages of notes pertaining to phonograph recording apparatus and to the recording of wireless sound transmissions.

Notebook, N-03-06-26

This notebook contains dated entries from June, September, and November 1903. Included are notes and drawings by Edison regarding storage batteries, phonograph recording and reproduction apparatus, and etheric force experiments. Some of the entries pertain to the use of storage batteries in automobiles. There is also a list of fifteen "probable causes" for loss of capacity in the Edison battery. At the beginning of the book is a 15-page list of chemical compounds compiled by an unidentified experimenter.

Notebook, N-04-05-10

This non-standard-size notebook covers the period July 1903-November 1904. The first 59 pages contain notes by unidentified experimenters regarding storage battery endurance tests, along with a few log entries for shipments of electrolyte solution and cells. Beginning on page 67 is a series of notes by Edison on endurance tests.

Notebook, N-03-08-24 This notebook covers the period August-October 1903. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding phonograph recording apparatus and the composition of phonograph cylinders. Many of the entries pertain to tests of the arrangement, composition, and size of funnels used to concentrate sound for musical recordings. Notebook, N-03-10-00

This notebook covers the period October 1903-November 1904. The book contains notes and drawings by Edison and an unidentified experimenter regarding x-ray experiments.

Notebook, N-03-12-12.1 This notebook was used by Edison during December 1903. Most of the entries pertain to x-ray experiments, Included are notes regarding efforts to find sources of radium and to discover

radiation in addition to x-rays. Near the end of the book are scattered notes and drawings relating to storage batteries and phonographs.

Notebook, N-03-12-12,2

This notebook covers the periods December 1903 and March-June 1905. All entries are by Edison. The book contains notes and drawings regarding x-ray, storage battery, and phonograph experiments. The entries from 1903 pertain to the same x-ray tests as those entered in N-03-12-12.1. Among the storage battery items are a memorandum concerning the formation of European companies, notes regarding the design of cell grids, and a one-page layout of a battery factory. The phonograph drawings include a 2-page entry entitled "phono suspension for

automobile."

Notebook, N-03-12-29

This notebook covers the periods December 1903 and May 1905. All entries are by Edison. The entries from 1903 relate to x-ray experiments. The enumerated experiments, slides 1-253 and 381-388, are a continuation of those found in N-03-12-12.2. The notes and drawings from 1905 pertain to storage batteries. Included are calculations regarding the performance of a Lansden “Tonneau” automobile. There are also a few scattered phonograph drawings.

Notebook, N-03-00-00.3

This notebook covers the period 1903-1904. The book contains notes, primarily by Edison, regarding experiments to stop the action of the potassium hydroxide solution on the components of Edison's storage battery. Included is a list, drawn from chemical reference texts, of compounds that are not acted upon by alkaline solutions.

Notebook, N-04-02-03

This notebook covers the period January 1904-February 1905. It contains notes, primarily by Jonas W. Aylsworth, regarding storage battery experiments. There are additional entries by Edison and by at least one unidentified experimenter. The tests are numbered from 998 through 2204 and pertain to nickel flake for the cells. The entry for test 2195 contains Aylsworth's discussion of reasons for the loss of capacity in the commercial cells, and the tests that follow are attempts to overcome this problem.

Notebook, N-04-03-05

This notebook contains dated entries from March 1904. All entries are by Edison. Most of the notes and drawings relate to storage batteries. Included are items pertaining to the composition of the grids, separators, and electrolytic solutions used in the cells. There are also notes concerning compounds for use in alternating current rectifiers and phonograph cylinders; and a 3-page memorandum concerning the organization of a company to manufacture and sell batteries, possibly in Germany.

Notebook, N-04-04-27

This notebook covers the period April-July 1904. It contains notes and drawings by Edison and an unidentified experimenter regarding storage battery experiments. Most of the entries relate to problems with the foaming action of the potassium hydroxide solution and to attempts to identify a compound that would retard the foaming. There are also items pertaining to improved techniques for loading iron powder in the cell grids.

Notebook, N-04-07-30

This notebook was used by Edison during July and November 1904, It contains notes and drawings regarding storage battery experiments. Included are items relating to the discharge of gas by the cells, the seals on the outer container of each cell, the loading of iron powder in the grid pockets, and the composition of the nickel used in the cells.

Notebook, N-04-10-15

This notebook was used by Edison during October 1904. The book contains notes and drawings regarding storage batteries. Included is a list of possible causes for the loss of capacity by the cells, Also included are cost calculations for production of the battery and schematic drawings of the manufacturing layout.

Notebook, N-04-10-16

This notebook covers the period October-December 1904. It contains notes and drawings by Edison regarding storage batteries. Included is a twenty-nine-item list entitled “Experiments on Battery for ESBCo," followed by observations drawn from the results of endurance tests performed at the Silver Lake plant and from the examination of cells used in a Studebaker electric vehicle. Also included are entries regarding defects in the batteries and outlining possible causes for the loss of cell capacity.